1Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), or Chapman AgarThis is a selective and differential medium. The high concentration of NaCl (~7.5%) selects for halophiles, organisms that can tolerate high salt concentrations, thereby favouring the growth of Staphylococcus species. Mannitol is the differential component: S. aureus ferments mannitol, lowering the pH of the medium, which results in a color change of the pH indicator from red to yellow. Thus, growth of S. aureus is indicated by yellow colonies.
2Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
3Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) MediumAn egg-based medium that uses malachite green to suppress the growth of other bacteria and glycerol to stimulate the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The colonies of M. tuberculosis on LJ are non-pigmented, dry, rough, raised, irregular with a wrinkled surface, initially creamy-white, turning yellowish or buff-colored on further incubation.
4Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
5CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
1Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
2Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
3Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarE. coli typically produces an acid butt, acid slant, and gas, with no H2S production, indicating it ferments lactose, sucrose, and glucose.
4Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA)A general purpose medium. E. coli colonies are medium to large, with a shiny moist appearance.
5Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
6Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
7CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
8RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
9Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) consists of a nutrient-rich substrate, made from dehydrated Potato Infusion and Dextrose, ideal for robust mycological propagation. Agar provides the solidifying medium. Acidification, typically using sterile tartaric acid, adjusts the pH to 3.5 +/- 0.1 to create a more selective environment by inhibiting bacterial proliferation. Additionally, Chloramphenicol is incorporated as an antimicrobial agent to further suppress bacterial contamination, thereby facilitating the selective isolation of fungi.
10Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)It is composed of peptone, dextrose (glucose), and agar. The high dextrose concentration promotes fungal growth, while the acidic pH inhibits bacterial growth.
1Sf1Ep mediumCulturing Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, in vitro is a challenge. T. pallidum is not routinely cultured in the laboratory for diagnostic purposes, in part because it cannot be grown on artificial media. However, a breakthrough in culturing T. pallidum was reported in 2018 when researchers managed to grow the bacterium in a rabbit epithelial cell line (Sf1Ep) using a medium called 'Sf1Ep medium'. It's not used for routine diagnostic purposes, but for research only. The diagnosis involves direct microscopic examination, serologic tests, molecular tests and histopathology.
2Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), or Chapman AgarThis is a selective and differential medium. The high concentration of NaCl (~7.5%) selects for halophiles, organisms that can tolerate high salt concentrations, thereby favouring the growth of Staphylococcus species. Mannitol is the differential component: S. aureus ferments mannitol, lowering the pH of the medium, which results in a color change of the pH indicator from red to yellow. Thus, growth of S. aureus is indicated by yellow colonies.
3Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
4Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
5Dubos’ MediumA liquid medium that contains a mixture of salts, fatty acids, and polysorbate. When M. tuberculosis grows in this medium, it causes the medium to become turbid.
6Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
7Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
8Tarshis MediumA blood-based medium that can promote the growth of M. tuberculosis. The colonies appear similar to those on the LJ Medium.
9Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
10Middlebrook 7H11 AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium similar to 7H10 but includes additional pyruvate for energy source, promoting more luxurious growth. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, slightly domed, and rough with a butyrous consistency.
11Middlebrook 7H10 AgarA selective medium that contains oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, rough, and buff to white-colored, taking less time to appear compared to egg-based media.
12Petragnini MediumAn egg-based medium enriched with additional nutrients to promote the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies of M. tuberculosis are small, round, buff-colored, and typically take 3-4 weeks to appear.
13Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)A selective medium that is used to isolate Salmonella species, but E. coli can grow on it, albeit not as well.
14Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
15Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarE. coli typically produces an acid butt, acid slant, and gas, with no H2S production, indicating it ferments lactose, sucrose, and glucose.
16Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
17Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
18Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA)E. coli colonies are red (pink to red) and may show bluish fluorescence under UV light.
19m-ENDO AgarE. coli colonies appear as green with a metallic sheen, indicating lactose fermentation.
20Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
21Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
22MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
23Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
24Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
25Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
26Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
27CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
28RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
29Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
30Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
31Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
32Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
33Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
34Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth or AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the growth of a variety of fastidious organisms, including E. faecalis. The typical phenotype of E. faecalis on BHI is small, round, and white colonies.
35Tryptic Soy Broth or Agar (TSB/TSA)A general-purpose medium that supports the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria. E. faecalis on TSA will typically form small, round, and white colonies, indicating a positive growth.
1Sf1Ep mediumCulturing Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, in vitro is a challenge. T. pallidum is not routinely cultured in the laboratory for diagnostic purposes, in part because it cannot be grown on artificial media. However, a breakthrough in culturing T. pallidum was reported in 2018 when researchers managed to grow the bacterium in a rabbit epithelial cell line (Sf1Ep) using a medium called 'Sf1Ep medium'. It's not used for routine diagnostic purposes, but for research only. The diagnosis involves direct microscopic examination, serologic tests, molecular tests and histopathology.
2Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), or Chapman AgarThis is a selective and differential medium. The high concentration of NaCl (~7.5%) selects for halophiles, organisms that can tolerate high salt concentrations, thereby favouring the growth of Staphylococcus species. Mannitol is the differential component: S. aureus ferments mannitol, lowering the pH of the medium, which results in a color change of the pH indicator from red to yellow. Thus, growth of S. aureus is indicated by yellow colonies.
3Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
4Sauton’s MediumA liquid medium that lacks detergents, which helps in the formation of corded colonies. When M. tuberculosis grows in this medium, it results in turbidity.
5Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
6Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
7Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
8Tarshis MediumA blood-based medium that can promote the growth of M. tuberculosis. The colonies appear similar to those on the LJ Medium.
9Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
10Middlebrook 7H10 AgarA selective medium that contains oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, rough, and buff to white-colored, taking less time to appear compared to egg-based media.
11Petragnini MediumAn egg-based medium enriched with additional nutrients to promote the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies of M. tuberculosis are small, round, buff-colored, and typically take 3-4 weeks to appear.
12Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) MediumAn egg-based medium that uses malachite green to suppress the growth of other bacteria and glycerol to stimulate the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The colonies of M. tuberculosis on LJ are non-pigmented, dry, rough, raised, irregular with a wrinkled surface, initially creamy-white, turning yellowish or buff-colored on further incubation.
13Liquid Media (such as Nutrient Broth)E. coli exhibits homogenous turbid growth within 12-18 hours. After prolonged incubation, pellicles may form on the surface of the media.
14Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)Used to determine the ability of an organism to decarboxylate or deaminate lysine and to form hydrogen sulfide. E. coli is typically lysine decarboxylase positive and H2S negative, so you would see a reaction of red/purple slant and purple/red butt with no black precipitate.
15Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)A selective medium that is used to isolate Salmonella species, but E. coli can grow on it, albeit not as well.
16Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
17Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarE. coli typically produces an acid butt, acid slant, and gas, with no H2S production, indicating it ferments lactose, sucrose, and glucose.
18Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
19Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
20Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA)E. coli colonies are red (pink to red) and may show bluish fluorescence under UV light.
21Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
22Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
23MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
24Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
25Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
26Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
27Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
28CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
29RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
30Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)It is composed of peptone, dextrose (glucose), and agar. The high dextrose concentration promotes fungal growth, while the acidic pH inhibits bacterial growth.
31Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
32MacConkey AgarTraditionally used to isolate and differentiate Gram-negative bacilli, E. faecalis can grow on this medium, producing small, round, magenta pink colonies due to lactose fermentation, indicating a positive result.
33Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
34Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
35Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
36Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
37Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth or AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the growth of a variety of fastidious organisms, including E. faecalis. The typical phenotype of E. faecalis on BHI is small, round, and white colonies.
38Tryptic Soy Broth or Agar (TSB/TSA)A general-purpose medium that supports the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria. E. faecalis on TSA will typically form small, round, and white colonies, indicating a positive growth.
1Sf1Ep mediumCulturing Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, in vitro is a challenge. T. pallidum is not routinely cultured in the laboratory for diagnostic purposes, in part because it cannot be grown on artificial media. However, a breakthrough in culturing T. pallidum was reported in 2018 when researchers managed to grow the bacterium in a rabbit epithelial cell line (Sf1Ep) using a medium called 'Sf1Ep medium'. It's not used for routine diagnostic purposes, but for research only. The diagnosis involves direct microscopic examination, serologic tests, molecular tests and histopathology.
2Phenol Red Mannitol BrothThis is a differential medium, used to determine an organism's ability to ferment mannitol. S. aureus, which can ferment mannitol, will change the medium from red to yellow due to acid production.
3Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
4Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
5Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
6Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
7Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
8Middlebrook 7H11 AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium similar to 7H10 but includes additional pyruvate for energy source, promoting more luxurious growth. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, slightly domed, and rough with a butyrous consistency.
9Middlebrook 7H10 AgarA selective medium that contains oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, rough, and buff to white-colored, taking less time to appear compared to egg-based media.
10Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) MediumAn egg-based medium that uses malachite green to suppress the growth of other bacteria and glycerol to stimulate the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The colonies of M. tuberculosis on LJ are non-pigmented, dry, rough, raised, irregular with a wrinkled surface, initially creamy-white, turning yellowish or buff-colored on further incubation.
11Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
12Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarE. coli typically produces an acid butt, acid slant, and gas, with no H2S production, indicating it ferments lactose, sucrose, and glucose.
13Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
14Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
15Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
16MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
17Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
18Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
19Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
20Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
21CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
22RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
23Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
24MacConkey AgarTraditionally used to isolate and differentiate Gram-negative bacilli, E. faecalis can grow on this medium, producing small, round, magenta pink colonies due to lactose fermentation, indicating a positive result.
25Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
26Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
27Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
28Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
29Tryptic Soy Broth or Agar (TSB/TSA)A general-purpose medium that supports the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria. E. faecalis on TSA will typically form small, round, and white colonies, indicating a positive growth.
1Sf1Ep mediumCulturing Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, in vitro is a challenge. T. pallidum is not routinely cultured in the laboratory for diagnostic purposes, in part because it cannot be grown on artificial media. However, a breakthrough in culturing T. pallidum was reported in 2018 when researchers managed to grow the bacterium in a rabbit epithelial cell line (Sf1Ep) using a medium called 'Sf1Ep medium'. It's not used for routine diagnostic purposes, but for research only. The diagnosis involves direct microscopic examination, serologic tests, molecular tests and histopathology.
2Phenol Red Mannitol BrothThis is a differential medium, used to determine an organism's ability to ferment mannitol. S. aureus, which can ferment mannitol, will change the medium from red to yellow due to acid production.
3Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), or Chapman AgarThis is a selective and differential medium. The high concentration of NaCl (~7.5%) selects for halophiles, organisms that can tolerate high salt concentrations, thereby favouring the growth of Staphylococcus species. Mannitol is the differential component: S. aureus ferments mannitol, lowering the pH of the medium, which results in a color change of the pH indicator from red to yellow. Thus, growth of S. aureus is indicated by yellow colonies.
4Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
5Dubos’ MediumA liquid medium that contains a mixture of salts, fatty acids, and polysorbate. When M. tuberculosis grows in this medium, it causes the medium to become turbid.
6Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
7Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
8Tarshis MediumA blood-based medium that can promote the growth of M. tuberculosis. The colonies appear similar to those on the LJ Medium.
9Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
10Middlebrook 7H11 AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium similar to 7H10 but includes additional pyruvate for energy source, promoting more luxurious growth. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, slightly domed, and rough with a butyrous consistency.
11Petragnini MediumAn egg-based medium enriched with additional nutrients to promote the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies of M. tuberculosis are small, round, buff-colored, and typically take 3-4 weeks to appear.
12Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)A selective medium that is used to isolate Salmonella species, but E. coli can grow on it, albeit not as well.
13Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
14Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
15Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
16Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA)E. coli colonies are red (pink to red) and may show bluish fluorescence under UV light.
17Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
18Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
19MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
20Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
21Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
22Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
23Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
24CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
25RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
26Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
27Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
28Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
29Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
30Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
31Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth or AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the growth of a variety of fastidious organisms, including E. faecalis. The typical phenotype of E. faecalis on BHI is small, round, and white colonies.
32Tryptic Soy Broth or Agar (TSB/TSA)A general-purpose medium that supports the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria. E. faecalis on TSA will typically form small, round, and white colonies, indicating a positive growth.
1Phenol Red Mannitol BrothThis is a differential medium, used to determine an organism's ability to ferment mannitol. S. aureus, which can ferment mannitol, will change the medium from red to yellow due to acid production.
2DNase Test AgarS. aureus produces the enzyme DNase which hydrolyses DNA. When S. aureus grows on this medium, the DNA is broken down, which can be visualised using a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution: clear zones around the colonies indicate DNA breakdown.
3Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), or Chapman AgarThis is a selective and differential medium. The high concentration of NaCl (~7.5%) selects for halophiles, organisms that can tolerate high salt concentrations, thereby favouring the growth of Staphylococcus species. Mannitol is the differential component: S. aureus ferments mannitol, lowering the pH of the medium, which results in a color change of the pH indicator from red to yellow. Thus, growth of S. aureus is indicated by yellow colonies.
4Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
5Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
6Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
7Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
8Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
9Middlebrook 7H11 AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium similar to 7H10 but includes additional pyruvate for energy source, promoting more luxurious growth. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, slightly domed, and rough with a butyrous consistency.
10Middlebrook 7H10 AgarA selective medium that contains oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, rough, and buff to white-colored, taking less time to appear compared to egg-based media.
11Petragnini MediumAn egg-based medium enriched with additional nutrients to promote the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies of M. tuberculosis are small, round, buff-colored, and typically take 3-4 weeks to appear.
12Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) MediumAn egg-based medium that uses malachite green to suppress the growth of other bacteria and glycerol to stimulate the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The colonies of M. tuberculosis on LJ are non-pigmented, dry, rough, raised, irregular with a wrinkled surface, initially creamy-white, turning yellowish or buff-colored on further incubation.
13Liquid Media (such as Nutrient Broth)E. coli exhibits homogenous turbid growth within 12-18 hours. After prolonged incubation, pellicles may form on the surface of the media.
14Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)Used to determine the ability of an organism to decarboxylate or deaminate lysine and to form hydrogen sulfide. E. coli is typically lysine decarboxylase positive and H2S negative, so you would see a reaction of red/purple slant and purple/red butt with no black precipitate.
15Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)A selective medium that is used to isolate Salmonella species, but E. coli can grow on it, albeit not as well.
16Sorbitol-MacConkey agarA variant of MacConkey agar, used in detecting E. coli O157:H7, which does not ferment sorbitol, unlike most strains of E. coli.
17Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
18Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarE. coli typically produces an acid butt, acid slant, and gas, with no H2S production, indicating it ferments lactose, sucrose, and glucose.
19Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
20Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
21Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA)E. coli colonies are red (pink to red) and may show bluish fluorescence under UV light.
22Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
23Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
24MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
25Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
26Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
27Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
28Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
29CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
30RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
31Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) consists of a nutrient-rich substrate, made from dehydrated Potato Infusion and Dextrose, ideal for robust mycological propagation. Agar provides the solidifying medium. Acidification, typically using sterile tartaric acid, adjusts the pH to 3.5 +/- 0.1 to create a more selective environment by inhibiting bacterial proliferation. Additionally, Chloramphenicol is incorporated as an antimicrobial agent to further suppress bacterial contamination, thereby facilitating the selective isolation of fungi.
32Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)It is composed of peptone, dextrose (glucose), and agar. The high dextrose concentration promotes fungal growth, while the acidic pH inhibits bacterial growth.
33Nutrient AgarIt is a general-purpose medium. However, E. faecalis grows poorly on nutrient agar, which means it does not proliferate as well on this medium compared to the others listed, indicating a negative or poor growth.
34Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
35MacConkey AgarTraditionally used to isolate and differentiate Gram-negative bacilli, E. faecalis can grow on this medium, producing small, round, magenta pink colonies due to lactose fermentation, indicating a positive result.
36Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
37Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
38Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
39Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
40Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth or AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the growth of a variety of fastidious organisms, including E. faecalis. The typical phenotype of E. faecalis on BHI is small, round, and white colonies.
41Tryptic Soy Broth or Agar (TSB/TSA)A general-purpose medium that supports the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria. E. faecalis on TSA will typically form small, round, and white colonies, indicating a positive growth.