1Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), or Chapman AgarThis is a selective and differential medium. The high concentration of NaCl (~7.5%) selects for halophiles, organisms that can tolerate high salt concentrations, thereby favouring the growth of Staphylococcus species. Mannitol is the differential component: S. aureus ferments mannitol, lowering the pH of the medium, which results in a color change of the pH indicator from red to yellow. Thus, growth of S. aureus is indicated by yellow colonies.
2Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
3Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) MediumAn egg-based medium that uses malachite green to suppress the growth of other bacteria and glycerol to stimulate the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The colonies of M. tuberculosis on LJ are non-pigmented, dry, rough, raised, irregular with a wrinkled surface, initially creamy-white, turning yellowish or buff-colored on further incubation.
1Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
2Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA)A general purpose medium. E. coli colonies are medium to large, with a shiny moist appearance.
3Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
4CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
5RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
6Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) consists of a nutrient-rich substrate, made from dehydrated Potato Infusion and Dextrose, ideal for robust mycological propagation. Agar provides the solidifying medium. Acidification, typically using sterile tartaric acid, adjusts the pH to 3.5 +/- 0.1 to create a more selective environment by inhibiting bacterial proliferation. Additionally, Chloramphenicol is incorporated as an antimicrobial agent to further suppress bacterial contamination, thereby facilitating the selective isolation of fungi.
7Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)It is composed of peptone, dextrose (glucose), and agar. The high dextrose concentration promotes fungal growth, while the acidic pH inhibits bacterial growth.
1Sf1Ep mediumCulturing Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, in vitro is a challenge. T. pallidum is not routinely cultured in the laboratory for diagnostic purposes, in part because it cannot be grown on artificial media. However, a breakthrough in culturing T. pallidum was reported in 2018 when researchers managed to grow the bacterium in a rabbit epithelial cell line (Sf1Ep) using a medium called 'Sf1Ep medium'. It's not used for routine diagnostic purposes, but for research only. The diagnosis involves direct microscopic examination, serologic tests, molecular tests and histopathology.
2Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
3Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
4Dubos’ MediumA liquid medium that contains a mixture of salts, fatty acids, and polysorbate. When M. tuberculosis grows in this medium, it causes the medium to become turbid.
5Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
6Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
7Tarshis MediumA blood-based medium that can promote the growth of M. tuberculosis. The colonies appear similar to those on the LJ Medium.
8Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
9Middlebrook 7H11 AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium similar to 7H10 but includes additional pyruvate for energy source, promoting more luxurious growth. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, slightly domed, and rough with a butyrous consistency.
10Middlebrook 7H10 AgarA selective medium that contains oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, rough, and buff to white-colored, taking less time to appear compared to egg-based media.
11Petragnini MediumAn egg-based medium enriched with additional nutrients to promote the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies of M. tuberculosis are small, round, buff-colored, and typically take 3-4 weeks to appear.
12Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)A selective medium that is used to isolate Salmonella species, but E. coli can grow on it, albeit not as well.
13Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
14Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarE. coli typically produces an acid butt, acid slant, and gas, with no H2S production, indicating it ferments lactose, sucrose, and glucose.
15Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
16Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
17Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA)E. coli colonies are red (pink to red) and may show bluish fluorescence under UV light.
18m-ENDO AgarE. coli colonies appear as green with a metallic sheen, indicating lactose fermentation.
19Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
20Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
21MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
22Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
23Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
24Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
25Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
26CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
27RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
28Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
29Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
30Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
31Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
32Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
1Sf1Ep mediumCulturing Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, in vitro is a challenge. T. pallidum is not routinely cultured in the laboratory for diagnostic purposes, in part because it cannot be grown on artificial media. However, a breakthrough in culturing T. pallidum was reported in 2018 when researchers managed to grow the bacterium in a rabbit epithelial cell line (Sf1Ep) using a medium called 'Sf1Ep medium'. It's not used for routine diagnostic purposes, but for research only. The diagnosis involves direct microscopic examination, serologic tests, molecular tests and histopathology.
2Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), or Chapman AgarThis is a selective and differential medium. The high concentration of NaCl (~7.5%) selects for halophiles, organisms that can tolerate high salt concentrations, thereby favouring the growth of Staphylococcus species. Mannitol is the differential component: S. aureus ferments mannitol, lowering the pH of the medium, which results in a color change of the pH indicator from red to yellow. Thus, growth of S. aureus is indicated by yellow colonies.
3Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
4Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
5Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
6Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
7Tarshis MediumA blood-based medium that can promote the growth of M. tuberculosis. The colonies appear similar to those on the LJ Medium.
8Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
9Middlebrook 7H10 AgarA selective medium that contains oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, rough, and buff to white-colored, taking less time to appear compared to egg-based media.
10Petragnini MediumAn egg-based medium enriched with additional nutrients to promote the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies of M. tuberculosis are small, round, buff-colored, and typically take 3-4 weeks to appear.
11Liquid Media (such as Nutrient Broth)E. coli exhibits homogenous turbid growth within 12-18 hours. After prolonged incubation, pellicles may form on the surface of the media.
12Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)A selective medium that is used to isolate Salmonella species, but E. coli can grow on it, albeit not as well.
13Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
14Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarE. coli typically produces an acid butt, acid slant, and gas, with no H2S production, indicating it ferments lactose, sucrose, and glucose.
15Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
16Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
17Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA)E. coli colonies are red (pink to red) and may show bluish fluorescence under UV light.
18Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
19Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
20MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
21Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
22Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
23Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
24Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
25CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
26RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
27Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)It is composed of peptone, dextrose (glucose), and agar. The high dextrose concentration promotes fungal growth, while the acidic pH inhibits bacterial growth.
28Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
29Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
30Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
31Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
32Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
33Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth or AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the growth of a variety of fastidious organisms, including E. faecalis. The typical phenotype of E. faecalis on BHI is small, round, and white colonies.
34Tryptic Soy Broth or Agar (TSB/TSA)A general-purpose medium that supports the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria. E. faecalis on TSA will typically form small, round, and white colonies, indicating a positive growth.
1Sf1Ep mediumCulturing Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, in vitro is a challenge. T. pallidum is not routinely cultured in the laboratory for diagnostic purposes, in part because it cannot be grown on artificial media. However, a breakthrough in culturing T. pallidum was reported in 2018 when researchers managed to grow the bacterium in a rabbit epithelial cell line (Sf1Ep) using a medium called 'Sf1Ep medium'. It's not used for routine diagnostic purposes, but for research only. The diagnosis involves direct microscopic examination, serologic tests, molecular tests and histopathology.
2Phenol Red Mannitol BrothThis is a differential medium, used to determine an organism's ability to ferment mannitol. S. aureus, which can ferment mannitol, will change the medium from red to yellow due to acid production.
3Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
4Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
5Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
6Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
7Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
8Middlebrook 7H11 AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium similar to 7H10 but includes additional pyruvate for energy source, promoting more luxurious growth. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, slightly domed, and rough with a butyrous consistency.
9Middlebrook 7H10 AgarA selective medium that contains oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, rough, and buff to white-colored, taking less time to appear compared to egg-based media.
10Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
11Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarE. coli typically produces an acid butt, acid slant, and gas, with no H2S production, indicating it ferments lactose, sucrose, and glucose.
12Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
13Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
14Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
15MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
16Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
17Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
18Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
19Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
20CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
21RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
22Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
23Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
24Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
25Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
26Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
1Sf1Ep mediumCulturing Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, in vitro is a challenge. T. pallidum is not routinely cultured in the laboratory for diagnostic purposes, in part because it cannot be grown on artificial media. However, a breakthrough in culturing T. pallidum was reported in 2018 when researchers managed to grow the bacterium in a rabbit epithelial cell line (Sf1Ep) using a medium called 'Sf1Ep medium'. It's not used for routine diagnostic purposes, but for research only. The diagnosis involves direct microscopic examination, serologic tests, molecular tests and histopathology.
2Phenol Red Mannitol BrothThis is a differential medium, used to determine an organism's ability to ferment mannitol. S. aureus, which can ferment mannitol, will change the medium from red to yellow due to acid production.
3Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
4Dubos’ MediumA liquid medium that contains a mixture of salts, fatty acids, and polysorbate. When M. tuberculosis grows in this medium, it causes the medium to become turbid.
5Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
6Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
7Tarshis MediumA blood-based medium that can promote the growth of M. tuberculosis. The colonies appear similar to those on the LJ Medium.
8Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
9Middlebrook 7H11 AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium similar to 7H10 but includes additional pyruvate for energy source, promoting more luxurious growth. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, slightly domed, and rough with a butyrous consistency.
10Petragnini MediumAn egg-based medium enriched with additional nutrients to promote the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies of M. tuberculosis are small, round, buff-colored, and typically take 3-4 weeks to appear.
11Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)A selective medium that is used to isolate Salmonella species, but E. coli can grow on it, albeit not as well.
12Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
13Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
14Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
15Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA)E. coli colonies are red (pink to red) and may show bluish fluorescence under UV light.
16Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
17Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
18MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
19Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
20Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
21Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
22Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
23CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
24RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
25Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
26Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
27Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
28Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
29Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
30Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth or AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the growth of a variety of fastidious organisms, including E. faecalis. The typical phenotype of E. faecalis on BHI is small, round, and white colonies.
1Phenol Red Mannitol BrothThis is a differential medium, used to determine an organism's ability to ferment mannitol. S. aureus, which can ferment mannitol, will change the medium from red to yellow due to acid production.
2Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), or Chapman AgarThis is a selective and differential medium. The high concentration of NaCl (~7.5%) selects for halophiles, organisms that can tolerate high salt concentrations, thereby favouring the growth of Staphylococcus species. Mannitol is the differential component: S. aureus ferments mannitol, lowering the pH of the medium, which results in a color change of the pH indicator from red to yellow. Thus, growth of S. aureus is indicated by yellow colonies.
3Blood Agar (BA)This is a nutrient-rich, differential medium that supports the growth of many organisms. S. aureus forms colonies that are round, smooth, and golden-yellow. This bacterium typically demonstrates β-hemolysis, which is complete lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear zone around the colonies. This hemolysis is due to the production of hemolysins by S. aureus.
4Sula’s MediumA liquid medium containing glycerol, asparagine, and a variety of salts. The growth of M. tuberculosis results in turbidity.
5Pawlowsky MediumA potato-based medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis may be similar to that seen on the LJ Medium.
6Loeffler MediumA serum-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies on Loeffler medium are small, dry, wrinkled, and off-white to yellow.
7Dorset MediumAn egg-based medium. M. tuberculosis colonies appear similar to those on Petragnini Medium: small, round, buff-colored, and taking 3-4 weeks to develop.
8Middlebrook 7H11 AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium similar to 7H10 but includes additional pyruvate for energy source, promoting more luxurious growth. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, slightly domed, and rough with a butyrous consistency.
9Middlebrook 7H10 AgarA selective medium that contains oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase. The colonies of M. tuberculosis appear small, rough, and buff to white-colored, taking less time to appear compared to egg-based media.
10Petragnini MediumAn egg-based medium enriched with additional nutrients to promote the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies of M. tuberculosis are small, round, buff-colored, and typically take 3-4 weeks to appear.
11Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) MediumAn egg-based medium that uses malachite green to suppress the growth of other bacteria and glycerol to stimulate the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The colonies of M. tuberculosis on LJ are non-pigmented, dry, rough, raised, irregular with a wrinkled surface, initially creamy-white, turning yellowish or buff-colored on further incubation.
12Liquid Media (such as Nutrient Broth)E. coli exhibits homogenous turbid growth within 12-18 hours. After prolonged incubation, pellicles may form on the surface of the media.
13Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)Used to determine the ability of an organism to decarboxylate or deaminate lysine and to form hydrogen sulfide. E. coli is typically lysine decarboxylase positive and H2S negative, so you would see a reaction of red/purple slant and purple/red butt with no black precipitate.
14Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)A selective medium that is used to isolate Salmonella species, but E. coli can grow on it, albeit not as well.
15Sorbitol-MacConkey agarA variant of MacConkey agar, used in detecting E. coli O157:H7, which does not ferment sorbitol, unlike most strains of E. coli.
16Urea Agar/BrothE. coli is typically urease negative, so no color change would be expected in this medium.
17Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarE. coli typically produces an acid butt, acid slant, and gas, with no H2S production, indicating it ferments lactose, sucrose, and glucose.
18Simmons Citrate AgarUsed for citrate utilization testing. E. coli usually can't utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, so no growth or color change would be expected.
19Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) AgarE. coli will give lactose-positive yellow colonies.
20Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA)E. coli colonies are red (pink to red) and may show bluish fluorescence under UV light.
21Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) AgarA selective and differential medium where E. coli forms distinctive metallic green sheen colonies due to vigorous lactose fermentation.
22Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)Typically used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli colonies appear pale straw colored.
23MacConkey Agar (MAC)This selective and differential medium distinguishes lactose fermenters from non-fermenters. E. coli colonies are circular, moist, smooth, and pink.
24Blood Agar (BA)E. coli colonies on this differential medium are large, circular, gray, moist, and can show β-hemolysis.
25Nutrient Agar (NA)A non-selective medium. E. coli colonies are usually large, circular, grayish-white, moist, and smooth.
26Nickerson’s Medium or Bismuth Sulfite Glucose Glycine Yeast (BSGG)This medium is used to stimulate the production of germ tubes, a characteristic of Candida albicans.
27Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80It is used for the identification of Candida species by promoting the formation of chlamydospores, which is a characteristic of Candida albicans.
28CHROMagar CandidaThis differential medium allows for the isolation and identification of Candida species based on colony color. Candida albicans usually forms green colonies on this medium.
29RPMI 1640 MediumIt is a rich medium that contains inorganic salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients that promote the growth of yeast cells.
30Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) consists of a nutrient-rich substrate, made from dehydrated Potato Infusion and Dextrose, ideal for robust mycological propagation. Agar provides the solidifying medium. Acidification, typically using sterile tartaric acid, adjusts the pH to 3.5 +/- 0.1 to create a more selective environment by inhibiting bacterial proliferation. Additionally, Chloramphenicol is incorporated as an antimicrobial agent to further suppress bacterial contamination, thereby facilitating the selective isolation of fungi.
31Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)It is composed of peptone, dextrose (glucose), and agar. The high dextrose concentration promotes fungal growth, while the acidic pH inhibits bacterial growth.
32Nutrient AgarIt is a general-purpose medium. However, E. faecalis grows poorly on nutrient agar, which means it does not proliferate as well on this medium compared to the others listed, indicating a negative or poor growth.
33Blood AgarA differential medium used to identify bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. E. faecalis typically shows gamma-hemolysis on this medium, i.e., no hemolysis or change in the color of the medium.
34MacConkey AgarTraditionally used to isolate and differentiate Gram-negative bacilli, E. faecalis can grow on this medium, producing small, round, magenta pink colonies due to lactose fermentation, indicating a positive result.
35Azide Dextrose BrothA selective medium inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, used for the isolation of streptococci and staphylococci from mixed samples. E. faecalis will show a positive growth resulting in a turbid appearance of the broth.
36Todd-Hewitt BrothA liquid enrichment medium used for the cultivation of fastidious organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. E. faecalis will lead to a turbid broth due to microbial growth.
37Enterococcosel AgarA selective and differential medium that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and distinguishes enterococci based on their ability to grow in the presence of bile and hydrolyze esculin. E. faecalis will form small, black colonies on this medium due to esculin hydrolysis.
38Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)A selective and differential medium that differentiates group D Streptococci and Enterococci based on the ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile. E. faecalis hydrolyzes esculin, leading to the formation of a dark brown or black precipita
39Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth or AgarThis is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the growth of a variety of fastidious organisms, including E. faecalis. The typical phenotype of E. faecalis on BHI is small, round, and white colonies.
40Tryptic Soy Broth or Agar (TSB/TSA)A general-purpose medium that supports the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria. E. faecalis on TSA will typically form small, round, and white colonies, indicating a positive growth.